The Failures of Freud and Psychoanalysis Essay Example

The Failures of Freud and Psychoanalysis Paper In October 1900, Philip Bauer took his 18-year-old daughter to see the little known psychoanalyst Dr. Sigmund Freud. Bauer took his daughter to be treated by Freud for her recent display of strange behaviors such as saying strange things, and threatening suicide. From Freuds initial point of view the case did not seem to be particularly promising in terms of supplying new features for his theories in development. Freud diagnosed the young woman as possessing the typical signs of hysteria, a psychosis that he had previously encountered copiously. However, the resulting case proved to engage Freud more than he initially thought and slowly blossomed into Freuds most famous case history. A few days after taking the case, Freud wrote his friend Wilhelm Fleiss that a case has smoothly opened to the existing collection of picklocks. 1 Freuds newfound interest in the case unexpectedly was siphoned because the young patient abruptly terminated her psycho-analyitical treatment at the end of December of 1904, only eleven weeks after she first came to Freud. Freud wrote up his case-notes in January of 1901, but it wasnt until 1905 that his Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria , or known as Dora, was published in a specialist journal. 2 This was the inauspicious start of a case history that snowballed into being recognized as the first of Freuds great case histories and which has taken its place as one of the classic reports in the psychiatric literature. 3 The pseudonym that Freud gave to the patient Ida Bauer, Dora, has become commonly associated whenever Freud is mentioned. We will write a custom essay sample on The Failures of Freud and Psychoanalysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Failures of Freud and Psychoanalysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Failures of Freud and Psychoanalysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In his recounting of the Dora case, Freud is surprisingly frank about his inability to deal with his patient effectively. The Dora case morphed from a case that was supposed to strengthen Freuds psychoanalytical theory into an example of the failure on the part of both Freud and psychoanalysis. It was a combination of the ineffectiveness of Freud and his flawed theory that catalyzed Dora to stop her treatment. These failures and Freuds relative openness about them reveal that Freud was not able to clearly and effectively analyze his patient because of psychoanalysiss unwanted side effect of transference. As a medical scientist, Freud was so frank about his inability to deal with Dora because he wanted to improve his methods and ultimately learn from his mistakes. The failures in Dora also serve to show that Freuds method of psychoanalysis was attached with the phenomenon of transference, proving to be hugely detrimental to the success of Freuds attempt to cure his patient. Transference is the projection by the patient of the cause of his or her symptoms onto the analyst. The interaction between the patient and the analyst is structured or constructed by the patient as one in which the cause of the hysterical symptoms is transferred to the relationship with the physician. In the case of Dora, her symptoms brought on from exposure to Herr K and her father transferred to Freud becoming the cause of her hysteria. Transferences shifting of a psychosis from interaction with the original perpetrators to interaction with the analyst is something that Freud could not avoid. Psychoanalysis is flawed by nature and it took Dora to expose its downfalls and brought Freud an endless supply of criticism. Feminist scholars attack Freud for his clear annoyance with Dora and his inability to set aside male prejudices. Freud could be portrayed to show a lack of empathy for a suffering adolescent girl being victimized by egoistic adults, including her father. 4 Freud explained his lack of empathy for Dora because he had always avoided acting a part, and have contented myself with practicing the humbler arts of psychology. Freud attempted to adopt a laizze-fair and Baconian approach toward Dora but could not accomplish this because he was connected to Doras symptoms through the behavior of males in Doras life. Unknowingly Freud treated Dora like the other males in her life by not caring about her problems and seemingly use her for his own personal advantage. This is akin to Doras fear of her father using her to get closer to Frau K. Dora feels used by all men in her life and Freuds nonchalant behavior propagated these feelings concordantly with her symptoms of hysteria. This failure on Freuds part reveals that Freud was doing his job as a medical scientist by not playing a role, but his adherence to scientific methods made him unable to gain ground on Doras psychosis. Freud was not at fault for not sympathizing with Dora, he was emotionally confined within a scientific procedure that he believed was the only way to cure his patient. While bounded in the laws of science, Freud still aimed at describing Doras story in a manner that engaged any reader and was scientific enough to satisfy his contemporaries. Freud elucidates Doras story in a detective manner that paints a scene in which Freud is attempting to unearth the buried roots of Doras psychosis. The dialogue between him and Dora provides evidence supporting Freuds conclusions he surmises along the way, slowly exposing the repressed nature of Doras symptoms. For the most part Freud accepts Doras story yet he wonders why Dora claims to feel disgust, rather than sexual desire when Herr K grabs her, pressing his erect phallus against her body. Freud is of the opinion that Dora unconsciously desires Herr K and for good measure he also claims that she desires Frau K. The problem is no longer seen to be Doras resistance to the male phallus, but has become Freuds assumptions about womens desires. Freud also interprets that Doras obsession with her fathers love for Frau K acts as a cover-up or a displacement of Doras own attraction both to her father and to Herr K. Her love for her father is an infantile impulse that is revived in order to deceive Dora herself about her love for Herr K. Both of these conclusions are based upon speculation and have little facts attributed to them. This is an example of how Freud speculates a conclusion based upon no evidence therefore lending him to be criticized for repressing Doras urges further below the conscience. Freud claimed that he was uncovering hidden desires, but critics suggest that his revelations conceal as much as they expose. These assumptions by Freud show that accompanied with transference, an instrumental failure of his therapy is that his conclusions can only be based upon assumptions. Freud later acknowledges that it was his failures that made Dora end her treatment but it was necessary to publish the case history of Dora to show the failures of psychoanalysis so that they may be improved. It is surprising that Freud writes about his failures with such a magnitude of openness that he passes close to condemning himself and his own approach. Freud wrote so frankly about the failures of his methods and his overall therapy because he was above all a scientist and had to fail first to succeed in perfecting psychoanalysis. It was Freuds duty to publish his failures because he still believed that he was on the correct track to solving the mysteries of hysterias origin. In his prefatory remarks to Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria he states that, it becomes the physicians duty to publish what he believes he knows of the causes and structure of hysteria, and it becomes a disgraceful piece of cowardice on his part to neglect doing so. 6 Freud was obligated to publish Dora, and never seemed to regret it. In conclusion, Freud tried his best to cure Dora of her psychosis but because of the failures of his theory and failures on the part of Freud as a medical scientist, he failed Dora and psychoanalysis was irrevocably changed forever. These failures reveal that Freud was an astounding medical scientist who tried his best to succeed where others have failed, and that psychoanalysis came attached with transference. The transference of Doras fear of men to Freud was a side effect of psychoanalysis that Freud had not foreseen. Dora proves to be one of Freuds most famous case histories because it shows that psychoanalysis could work, but doesnt. Freud himself was also at fault for not comforting Dora while she told him things that she could tell no one else. In this manner of not paying attention to her emotional needs, Freud pushed Dora further away until she could not withstand his treatment any longer. Freuds openness about the failures within the case show that he wanted to improve upon his methods and that he truly believed in the positive effects of psychoanalysis, a theory that will be questioned forever.

Suicide and its relativity to Stephen King8217s Suffer the Little Children essays

Suicide and its relativity to Stephen King8217s Suffer the Little Children essays Suicide and its relativity to Stephen Kings Suffer the Little Children Suicide is defined as an intentional, self-inflicted death that occurs in all cultures and usually is executed by people who are suffering from some sort of extreme emotional pain and feel unable to cope with their problems (Shneidman 6). Suicide is seen in our culture to be something that happens to only the crazy people. But the reality is that normal, everyday people commit suicide as well. Since suicidology is a fairly new field of scientific study there is still much to learn about it. Some theories and other scientific information have been discovered and are very interesting. In Stephen Kings Suffer the Little Children a teacher suffers from fear, anxiety, defeat, and delusional attributes and the end result was twelve students murdered the suicide of herself. These symptoms of suicide are explained later in the research paper. Suicide began being studied scientifically a little over one century ago by a man named Emile Durkheim. But the specialized study of the causes associated with suicide and suicidal behaviors, as well the assessment, treatment, management, and prevention of such behaviors, has only been recorded in the last half of this century (Maris 1). Why do humans kill themselves? Each day people go out into the workplace, school, or some sort of other activity and experience the threat of failure; what degree that possible threat my affect is a whole different story. We all know that life is sometimes enjoyable, usually routine, and almost always difficult. We experience happiness and joy along with contentment and love. Much of our life is also taken up by the routine, everyday, and emotionally neutral actions of life. Then on the flip side there are the negative emotions that we feel like sorrow, shame, humiliation, fear, dread, defeat, and anxiety. When we digest these negative emotions psych...

An End to Animal Abuse Essay Example for Free

An End to Animal Abuse Essay â€Å"Animals are dying all over the world and becoming endangered species mostly because of animal abuse and cruelty† (James Gorman). It is a worldwide problem that will continue unless people are concerned about it or stop doing it. There should be more laws regulating child labor. Animal abuse stops scientists from researching animals. Animals become endangered species. It also causes psychological effect. Animal abuse must be abolished. One reason animal abuse must be abolished is because it stops scientists from researching other animals. â€Å"Researching animals helped make medicines for terrible diseases.† (James Gorman). One endangered animal is the chimpanzee, which is endangered because of being trapped in cages. Another reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animals die and become endangered species. â€Å"Breeds of horses face endangerment and extinction because of animal abuse.† (www.horsetradition.com). These horses get slaughtered by people for their meat because people think horses can cure HIV. Some horses are killed because of religion. Last reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animal abuse causes psychological effect. â€Å"This means animals are shy and aggressive because of being injured and hurt. The most negative thing about animal abuse is psychological effect.† (James Gorman). As you can see, there are many reasons why there should be more laws regulating animal abuse. Animals getting injured and hurt badly causes many horrible things. It makes scientists give up on their research on animals, animals get close to endangerment or extinction, and most importantly, it will cause effects when animals are hurt. If you see animals getting abused or treated bad, call the ASPCA. They are professionals and save and find homes for animals every day. An End to Animal Abuse. (2016, Sep 30).

Written critique power point presentation Essay

Written critique power point presentation - Essay Example The effectiveness of a presentation depends on the strength of the topic and also on the usability of the subject in the daily life of the people. The current presentation is done by a Community Resource Division Administrator which increases the credibility and authenticity of the written articulation. A presentation performed by an authoritative person brings about true facts and information related to the specific subject. The effectiveness of the presentation lies in the fact that , there is a brief introduction and also a statistical data coverage about housing ,which enhances the informative potentiality of the presentation. The presentation also reveals statistics and minute details regarding housing facts and homelessness, which allow the readers to understand about housing on a local and national level. The presentation primarily elaborates on the actions and programs delivered by housing authority in order to stabilize public life, and this highlights the purpose of presentation. The presentation clearly reflects the authority of the organization and also effortlessly projects the strength and contribution of them to the society, which makes it more very effective to the readers. Brevity is the correct usage of words and phrases in writing which enlarges the outlook and uniqueness of a presentation. This presentation has words which are very effective, simple and understandable. The phrases used projects the right meaning intended by the writer and the presenter has used the words in a calculative way to communicate the subject and message of the presentation .The points in the presentation about housing is precise and concise and the words and grammatical representation is up to the point. The flow of words is consistent and the meaning is directly absorbable by the readers. However, more of simplicity in language, words and phrases can underestimate the richness and communicative ability of the writer or the presentation

Population Environment Resource 3 - need in 12 hours Essay

Population Environment Resource 3 - need in 12 hours - Essay Example But the biggest benefit in conservation of energy in a personal level is the personal savings that one can have. For example, instead of spending money on gas for your car, you can save money for a family vacation. Most countries, like Germany and the United States, has experienced an energy crisis (Nolan, p.98). Because of this, the cost of energy began to increase because of the monopoly of this trade. With that, it is evident that energy becomes a controversial issue since the entire nation is using it for whatever purpose it may serve them, like in industrialization or just simply a family’s everyday living, like cooking or watching TV. Aside from the increasing price of fuel and energy because of high consumption, it also impacts the environment in such a way that it pollutes the environment. Energy used proved to produce high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases that is detrimental for human health (Davies and Mazurek, p.237). With this, it can be concluded that high energy consumption coupled with its effects on the national economy and the environment jeopardizes the national security. The government has been developing projects for energy efficiency through the use of alternative energy resources. One form of energy saving program that the government is pushing is the use of solar energy. Since it is an unlimited resource, even if there is a high energy consumption based on the solar power, it will not affect the limited natural resources that we have (Peddle, p.18). Also, it will increase the savings that the nation will have since the individuals are not purchasing and ordering fuel and gas, which costs a considerable amount of money. Aside from controlling the use fuel through by improving fuel efficiency in cars, it is also important that the government look into the energy consumption of each individual. Even if each person uses a fuel-efficient vehicle, if they have a high consumption of gas,

Effective Strategies Essay Example for Free

Effective Strategies Essay â€Å"Some unions feel that the organization does not compensate its members fairly, or that the organizational working conditions are less than desirable. Conversely, some employers feel that unions interfere with management decisions and impede on a positive relationship between managers and employees. There may be some truth to both perceptions† (Ashford University). I will provide a â€Å"†¦detailed explanation of the effective strategies an organization can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with unions, as well as the effective strategies a union can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with management† (Ashford University). I will begin by briefly describing the role of management in an organization. Management is responsible for the smooth running of the company. Keeping employees happy on the job would be one of the duties involved. Keeping up with industry standards and always moving forward with innovation, while heeding all safety regulations and laws. Working with and not against the flow of the operation to be successful while making a profit is where management can soar. Secondly I will briefly discuss the role of a union in an organization. A basic requirement of unions is that members give up their individual rights (e.g., raises based on performance) to benefit the collective (e.g., cost of living increases to all employees). Is this equitable and fair? Well members of unions negotiate as a group with the employer and this ensures more power than if they were just alone on their own. While it has been documented that union employees make 27 percent more than nonunion workers. Ninety-two percent of union workers have job-related health coverage versus 68 percent for nonunion workers. Union workers also have a great advantage over nonunion workers in securing guaranteed pensions (howstuffworks.com). This is the bright side of union membership, so it seems that giving up rights to obtain these advantages would be sound advice. In my opinion if the union performs the duties the member/employee signed up for, then yes it would be equitable and fair to give up their rights. On the other hand if the union  performed poorly in its duties, I would consider leaving for another position elsewhere. Some of the positives that involve unions would be the capitalist ideas that make this country what it is today. Unions are there for each employee who is represented by them and protected in the work place from unfair tactics. â€Å"Capitalism is directed towards the pursuit of profits and unions are directed towards the rights of workers.† The way these opposing viewpoints can be advantageous, yet destructive, to the business community depends on the way they balance the two. A profits interest is often referred to as a carried interest. A profits interest is typically given as a reward for the performance of services (myllcagreement.com) This method serves as an incentive for partners to become more proactive in pursuing bigger and better profits thus contributing towards the companies growth (investopedia.com). Growth is essential to the success of the business and the union, without losing sight of the interests of the employee (member). Growth indicates a profit is made and a company should hold in high esteem the people who made this so. So as a company grows it should ensure the employees are happy and treated fairly. They should not lose sight of the bottom line which is the business itself: them and the employees. Unions step up to make sure the employee is treated right with fair conditions and proper raises as the company moves forward. The destructive issue could occur if the employee was not rewarded as the profits increased. An unhappy employee will make for an unsuccessful business. There are some downsides to unions. Let me first say that strikes are a big part of what could possibly be the one downside, if issues do not work for the benefit of the employee represented. Although strikes were intended to get management’s attention, â€Å"The incidence of strikes has been almost steadily decreasing, and strikes now consume a minuscule portion of total working time—in the neighborhood of one-twentieth of 1 percent in most recent years† (Sloane, 2010, pg. 4). Many times a settlement takes place which will avert a strike and this is when both sides reach a compromise. If a strike ensues only a percentage of employees’ wages are paid, if they participate in picket duty. But, â€Å"For most unionized employees who agree to strike: †¢They stop getting a paycheck. †¢Their family’s healthcare and dental benefits are suspended. †¢They are not  eligible to receive state unemployment benefits. †¢Their job can be filled with a replacement worker.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Their job can be impacted in the future, if there is a loss of customers during the strike† (cintasfreedomtochoose.com). Depending on the results of the strike, winning or losing could alter the reputation of the union and also of the employer, for better or worse depending on the results. Appropriate circumstances where a strike would be an appropriate bargaining tactic would be when a failure to communicate occurs and further negotiations need to happen. A total breakdown in communication is most always when strikes occur. Sometimes though strikes occur in an inappropriate manner and this is when the employee suffers. It is when this happens or when the public welfare is affected that a strike would be deemed inappropriate. There are many global major players are union run, I realistically know that we would be in a world of trouble without them, in example: AFL-CIO and the SEIU. To be honest with you I have the impression that unions such as these actually perform better on a political platform. With all the money and power there comes responsibility, and more often than not we hear about the corruption unions flex influencing (lobbying) individuals in the position to pass laws with ‘dark money’. â€Å"Dark Money? AFL-CIO accused of campaigning without disclosing† (watchdog.org). This in no way seems to be connected with the absolute values unions initially professed, which was to stand up for the worker and give strength to the small guy. Now as things have progressed, the red tape becomes likened to fly paper, very sticky. Unions favorably represent the needs of the higher ups and I give again the article in our Course Materials about the ‘Bitter Bargain’. The bigger the union size the less likely the small guy’s needs will be met, since large money/power weld negative actions. But with a small union it becomes an intimate task to please your members and therefore a more positive vibe is felt. â€Å"Selected Evidence About Globalization’s Impact on the U.S. Labor Market Effects on Overall Incomes and Wages† (dol.gov) is another issue that affects the bottom line of the globally competitive work environment. Free trade influences the profits or losses/jobs or unemployment of this country. It makes one wonder if this is not why large unions have become much like a small country with a government playing king of the hill. I will present two strategies/actions an organization can  implement to create and maintain a conducive, working relationship with unions. Employers set the pay scale for each job and two strategies/actions they implement to keep the peace with union members is to use the comparative norm strategy and the ability-to-pay (cost of living increase). There are different circumstances where it would be more appropriate for an organization to follow the comparative norm strategy to determine an employees wage rate, versus the ability-to-pay or the cost of living strategy. Depending on the industry the employee is in will be the determining factor in whether the employer has the capabilities to meet economic demands. There are classifications in the different industries, and even subgroups within the different industries. Another factor at work that divides the comparative norm would be job titles. Each place of work has a different description for job titles and they vary greatly, so in many situations a certain wage would not be appropriate for employees at different work places with the same title. Wage systems are another way that the comparative norm may not work, since the pay may be ‘by hour’, incentive systems paid individually, and group incentive systems. Benefits cannot go unnoticed and are a part of the pay system. Depending on where you live in the nation may also have an impact on the wage an employee is given (i.e. cost of living differences). Typically the minimum wage increase I have experience with would be the annual 4% cost of living wage, and this is in the American south west states. Profits made by the company you work for hold major criterion on the ability to pay a cost of living increase. In the engineering world in which I worked as a drafter for over 30 years competition to obtain the best workers and keep them is all based on wages and benefits. If some other company wanted to pull you away from your employer, they would offer more money and/or better benefits. I can recall a time when my wages were increased significantly when another company made me an offer. Finally, I will present a minimum of two strategies/actions a union can implement to create and maintain a conducive, working relationship with management. Grievances and arbitration are two of the main strategies/actions that keep the peace while a member of a union. â€Å"Grievance legal definition: A claim by a union or a unionized employee that a collective bargaining agreement has been breached†¦. The formal document in which a union claims that the employer has breached the collective  bargaining agreement and for which, arbitration is convened† (duhaime.org). The way the use of the grievance and arbitration processes and procedures can enhance the relationship between a union and management is that is can reach a position that both parties can find common ground and satisfaction. Where this same effort can be destructive is when the breakdown in trust and commitment fall into place where once the opposite was true. Monetary losses occur at this point and sometimes the union fails to properly represent the employee and resentment occurs. When â€Å"†¦confusion and uncertainty in the area of employer–employee relations† (Sloane, 2010, pg. 217) occurs, both parties lose. In conclusion, we all know that unions have their place in our society and can be run using effective strategies that have proven to work in the past and changing those strategies as new ideas surface in the workplace, effectively. There is a place for unions and people who would benefit from them. In assessing the changing complexion of the U.S. labor force two things come to mind: baby boomers and immigrants. Why, because these types of workers may find unionization attractive. New retirees and new citizens might be looking for jobs where unions have a foothold: like grocers. Do not forget the fiasco with the strikers in California who fought for 5 months and got something unwanted. â€Å"United Food and Commercial Workers’ Union†¦ The ratified contract contains no raises for the 70,000 supermarket workers it covers, but it does preserve most health benefits for current employees. However, new workers will receive lower wages and fewer benefits. Many workers said they voted for the contract reluctantly. The lengthy labor dispute took an emotional and financial toll† (Bitter Bargain). This will be copied, presumably, by fellow unions, and it leads to a running comment that unions no longer provide for the common worker as its mission statement once led its members to believe. Leaving citizens with less money in their pocket when benefits are not included on payday will erode the backbone of unions. It used to be 35% of American workers belonged to a union in 1959, now a fraction of that is true. Additionally predictions have commented that some baby boomers will exit the workforce leading to a â€Å"lower (the) overall labor force participation rate, leading to a slowdown in the growth of the labor force† (Toossi). This comes from the other side of the podium in the in the debate of how labor force will be affected. The complexion of America has changed and without changing for the better, I  fear unions will run their course, or transform into a totally new idea, without all the corruption that comes with power and money. Unions are here to stay and change is on the way if using effective strategies are on the agenda. References Retrieved from article by Mitra Toossi: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/11/art3full.pdf` Bitter Bargain: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/jan-june04/strike_3-1.html# Retrieved from: http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/trends/trendsVI.htm Sloane, A., Witney, F. (2010). Labor relations. (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Pearson Learning Solutions. VitalBook file. Retrieved from: http://watchdog.org/131467/money-afl-cio-union/ Retrieved from: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profits-interest.asp Retrieved from: http://www.myllcagreement.com/relevant-articles/what_is_the_difference_between_profits_interest_and_capital_interest.html Retrieved from: http://money.howstuffworks.com/labor-union2.htm Retrieved from: http://www.cintasfreedomtochoose.com/strikes.asp Retrieved from: http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/G/Grievance.aspx

Bless Me, Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

The loss of innocence in life is an inevitable process. Losing one’s innocence comes merely by growing up. The philosophy of the loss of one’s innocence is a definite theme in the book Bless Me, Ultima. This theme is displayed throughout the entire story and plot of the novel. There is loss of innocence all around the main character, Tony, with his brothers and the people he meets. Tony also loses a great deal of his own innocence to the harsh realities of the world which marks his transition from a boy to a man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of the loss of innocence covers the entire essence of the book. There are many cases in the story where people had lost their innocence of life and it was lost to them forever. Tony’s brothers are of such a case. They had gone to war to fight for their country and explore the world. But as they yearned and sought the outside and how it was, they lost their innocence in the process. Being in war they saw death and destruction which soiled their once virgin eyes. Although they gained knowledge and experience they were becoming no longer young and gay, but were becoming mature and knowledgeable. Growing at such a fast pace was a regretful process, that even Andrew advised Tony to not grow too fast but that would not happen as we know.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of loss of innocence in the book would be Tony’s friends. The gang seems to be fairly innocent enough but they ...